Walnut
[Juglans regia L.: Family: Juglandaceae]; trade name: walnut tree, common walnut (GB)
|
Origin |
Europe, North Africa and Asia |
|
Raw density |
680 kg/m³ |
|
Durability class |
3 |
|
Radial shrinkage |
0,18 – 0,23 % |
|
Tangential shrinkage |
0,25 – 0,3 % |
|
Wood color |
light gray to dark brown |
|
Wood structure |
Growth ring boundaries clear, vessels arranged coarsely and semi-ring-porous |
|
Use |
Furniture industry; in sophisticated interior design |
Walnut (Juglans) remains a highly prized furnishing wood in Europe, with American walnut (J. nigra) dominating, while the supply of European walnut (J. regia) is limited. The focus has shifted from technical applications to decorative uses, and the once abundant replacement of walnut woods has declined sharply. The true walnut (J. regia) is monoecious and heterodichogamous, with male and female flowers on the same plant. Pollination is carried out by the wind, with the conspicuous, cylindrical male inflorescences appearing before the female ones. The inconspicuous female flowers develop into ellipsoid to roundish fruits with a woody core. American walnut remains a characteristic wood for decorative applications, while European walnut continues to be valued despite limited supply.
The heartwood varies from light gray to reddish brown, striped or grained, with the American walnut often being darker and more evenly colored. The timbers are moderately heavy, tough and easy to bend, with excellent workability and smooth surfaces. There is a tendency to discoloration during drying, and technical drying requires caution. The uses range from sporting rifle stocks to woodturning and decorative veneers for furniture and panels.
The climate crisis is threatening walnut cultivation in regions such as the Hawraman border region between Iran and Iraq, which has suffered from extreme drought, leading to groundwater depletion and the death of numerous walnut trees. Farmers are facing massive crop failures and financial losses. Climate adaptation requires the planting of trees that are resistant to global warming in order to ensure sustainable agriculture. Although the walnut is not native to Central Europe, it has gained cultural significance. Folk beliefs link them to customs such as protection from lightning in southern Germany or the sign of good harvests in Austria.
Sources: Wikipedia, Holz vom Fach(GD Holz)
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